Effect of Mounting Angle on Bending Subsoiling Tool–Soil Interactions Using DEM Simulations

Mechanical subsoiling is an effective practice to promote better water infiltration and crop root development. The bending tool (BST) a primary used remove soil compaction restore productivity. In this study, discrete element model was developed validated using laboratory bin tests investigate the effects of mounting angle BST (5°–33°) on disturbance behaviors draft forces. results show that upheaval, failure fragmentation achieved by successive shearing, uplifting, extrusion, tension turning actions from cutting share cambered shank BST. Increasing depths gave smaller ranges in lateral, forward upward directions. With increase angle, both force rupture distance ratio initially decreased then increased, whereas loosening efficiency increased decreased. Overall, increasing 5° 33° greater surface flatness rapidly when 26° 33°. Appropriately could lift more moist deep seed middle layers (5.0–15.5% increase) into shallow layer (depth <50 mm) without seriously affecting mixing other layers. Considering characteristics forces, appeared outperform angles.